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•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
SIZE COMPOSITION OF JANKI TOMPEL FISH (Lutjanus russellii) CAUGHT IN MODIFIED POLY VINLY CHLORIDE (PVC) TRAPS IN BUNYU WATER, NORTH KALIMANTAN Abstract Bunyu Island fisherman use fishing in the form of traps for generation because they have high economic value catcher. This study aimed to determine the composition of the size Jangki Tompel fish (Lutjanus russellii) caught by modified traps and to examine the effect of the cath on the parameters of water quality, temperature, brightness, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. This research was conducted from September to October 2020 in the waters of Bunyu Island. The research results showed that the composition of the size of tompel jangki fish (Lutjanus russellii) formed 6 size classes in the size of total length (PT), standard length (PS) and total weight (BT) with one size group. The results of testing water quality parameters of the number of catches showed a significance value > 0.05 meaning that the water quality parameters that were measured did not have a positive effect on the number of catches. Keywords: Modified Bubu, Bunyu Waters, Janki Tompel Fish, Water Quality Parameters
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Nitrate is one of the major nutrients for growth of plants and algae. Nitrate is very soluble in water and is very unstable so it becomes unavailable. The main source of nitrate comes from soil erosion, fertilizer, waste and nitrogen (N) accumulation. N uptake is done either by symbiotic or non-symbiotic bacteri. The Faculty of Agriculture of UBT has 14 rhizobacterial isolates capable of digesting N, but it is not yet known how much it can absorb N in the from of nitrates that such rhizobacteria can provide. This study aimed to determine the extent of the ability of 14 N-bonding bacterial isolates to provide nitrate (NO3-). This research used a complete randomized design that consisted of 16 treatmenst and 2 replicates. The treatments were K0 (soil without treatmen), K1 (Nutrient Broth) P1 (B1(17)) P2 (B1(19)), P3 (B3(10)), P4 (B4(15)), P5 (B3(12)), P6 (B3(16)), P7 (B3(19)) P8 (B3(9)), P9 (B4(12)), P10 (B4(5)), P11 (B5(13)), P12 (B5(15)), P13 (B5(19)) dan P14 (B5(9)). At P1 to P14 treatments the soil was irrigated whit nitogen-fixing bacterial isolates suspension at a densityof 108 cfu/mL. The treatment of K0 was soil without the addition of Nutrient Broth (NB) and bacterial whereas K1 was soil added with 100 mL organic Nutrient Broth (NB). The soil was then incubated for 21 dasy. The parameters of this study were soil pH analysis and soil nitrate (NO3-) analysis.The results showed that the bacterial isolate was able to provide N in the from of nitrates ranging from 35,06 ppm to 45,42 ppm and bacterial isolate B3(12), was able to provide N of 45,42 ppm. The results of soil pH parameters showed that the isolates with the highest pH score was isolate B3(10) , (P3) with pH acore of 4,69 the lowest pH was of 4,20 obtained from isolates B4(12), (P9).
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Serviana (15.201020.061). 2019. "Analysis of Cassava Value Added as Raw Material of Cassava Chips in Tarakan City" Case Study: Qobidh Crackers UKM Kampung Empat Village. Supervised by Elly Jumiati. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Borneo Tarakan. Cassava is one of the focuses of agricultural development policy in 2015-2019, because it has a variety of highly prospective and sustainable derivative products, both food and non-food. One that can provide added value for cassava products is by processing cassava into products that have economic value, namely cassava chips. The purpose of this study are: 1) analyze the amount of added value from the processing of cassava into cassava chips in Qobidh Crackers UKM. 2) analyze the benefits gained by Qobidh Crackers SMEs. The method used is the Hayami method and is presented in tabular form. The method used in this research is Purposive Sampling with the consideration that Mrs. Fatimatun Hasanah produced cassava chips in Tarakan City and the business that has been running has been fairly long, which is more or less for five years. The results of this study indicate that the added value of the raw material of cassava chips processed into cassava chips is Rp. 8,157.64 per kg with a value-added ratio of 33.99%. This value added ratio is moderate because it has a percentage of 15-40%. The profit margin of cassava chips is Rp.19,000 with a profit of 36.62% which has been distributed to each factor such as labor income of 6.315% and other input contributions of 57.06% and the amount of profit obtained by Qobidh Crackers SMEs is 36.62%. The suggestion from this research is that the business of cassava chips in Qobidh Crackers SMEs should minimize the costs by combining the use of supporting materials by reducing the amount of usage in the contribution of other inputs, by increasing the level of value added ratio. Seeing the prospect of agro-industry in the City of Tarakan is very good, especially for cassava chips. This is because SMEs are able to contribute to the regional economy.
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ABSTRACT Abstract Muhammad Khaidir. 15201020037. 2019. "Analysis of Optimization of Cap Kenawai Eucalyptus Oil Agroindustry at UPT. KPH of Tarakan City ". Supervised by Elly Jumiati. Eucalyptus tree is one of the industrial plants that can be cultivated as agroforestry. Agroforestry was developed to provide benefits to improve community welfare. Main agroforesty is expected to help optimize the results of a form of land use in a sustainable manner to guarantee and improve food needs. Agroforestry is one of the effective means for equity and stages to overcome poverty in the forest village community, which can increase food income and production. In increasing the income and food production of forest village people must integrate agroforestry and agro-industry. So that this research is carried out with the aim of determining the optimal amount of production that can provide maximum benefit to the UPT. KPH Tarakan. The method of determining the sample is done by purposive sampling technique, which is the technique of determining the sample with certain considerations. With the method of data analysis and processing namely linear programming analysis used is a simplex method that will be processed using the POM For Windows 3 application with objective functions and constraint functions. By optimizing the factors of production that are used can increase the initial production profit of Rp. 1599,325 / l can increase by Rp 3238 / l or equal to an additional profit of Rp. 1639 / l. If the results of eucalyptus oil processing are reduced from 3 liters to 2.02 liters per production, a maximum profit of Rp. 3,238 / liter. ABSTRAK Abstrak Muhammad Khaidir. 15201020037. 2019. “Analisis Optimalisasi Agroindustri Minyak Kayu Putih Cap Kenawai di UPT. KPH Kota Tarakan”. Dibimbing oleh Elly Jumiati. Pohon kayu putih merupakan salah satu tumbuhan industri yang dapat diusahakan menjadi Agroforestry. Agroforestry dikembangkan untuk memberi manfaat untuk meningkatkan kesejateraan masyarakat. Agroforesty utamanya diharapkan dapat membantu mengoptimalkan hasil suatu bentuk penggunaan lahan secara berkelanjutan guna menjamin dan memperbaiki kebutuhan bahan pangan. Agroforestry merupakan salah satu sarana yang efektif untuk pemerataan dan tahapan untuk mengatasi kemiskinan dilingkungan masyarakat desa hutan, yang bisa meningkatkan pendapatan dan produksi pangan. Dalam peningkatan pendapatan dan produksi pangan masyarakat desa hutan haruslah memadukan agroforestry dan agroindustri.Sehingga peneitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan yaitu untuk menentukan berapa jumlah produksi optimal yang dapat memberikan keuntungan maksimal terhadap UPT. KPH Tarakan. Metode penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling (sengaja) yaitu teknik penentuan sempel dengan pertimbangan tertentu. Dengan metode analisis dan pengolahan data yaitu Analisis liniear programming yang digunakan merupakan metode simpleks yang akan diolah menggunakan aplikasi POM For Windows 3 dengan fungsi tujuan dan fungsi kendala. Dengan mengoptimalkan faktor-faktor produksi yang digunakan dapat meningkatkan keuntungan produksi yang awalnya sebesar Rp. 1599,325 /l dapat meningkat sebesar Rp 3238 /l atau sama dengan penambahan keuntungan sebesar Rp. 1639 /l . Apabila dalam hasil pengolahan minyak kayu putih dikurangi dari 3 liter menjadi 2.02 liter per produksi maka akan didapatkan jumlah keuntungan maksimum sebesar Rp. 3.238 /liter.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi dan makna cerita rakyat masyarakat Dayak Bulusu di Kecamatan Sekatak, Kabupaten Bulungan, Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh keberadaan cerita rakyat sebagai bagian dari tradisi lisan yang diwariskan secara turun-temurun, tetapi belum banyak didokumentasikan secara ilmiah sehingga keberadaannya berpotensi mengalami kepunahan seiring perkembangan zaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode folklor dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan tokoh adat dan tetua masyarakat sebagai informan, dokumentasi, serta studi pustaka. Analisis fungsi cerita rakyat menggunakan teori William R. Bascom, sedangkan analisis makna menggunakan pemikiran Alan Dundes. Objek penelitian terdiri atas dua cerita, yaitu cerita Jadu Lawang dan Yaki Bugang serta cerita Aki Ibuk yang berkaitan dengan Gong Solok/Dagas Sebengawang. Kedua cerita tersebut tergolong mitos karena dipercaya oleh masyarakat berkaitan dengan asal-usul manusia, leluhur, dan kehidupan awal masyarakat Dayak Bulusu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerita rakyat Dayak Bulusu memiliki empat fungsi, yaitu sebagai sistem proyeksi, alat pengesahan pranata kebudayaan, alat pendidikan, dan alat pengawas norma sosial. Selain itu, ditemukan empat makna yang terkandung dalam cerita, yaitu makna moral, sosial, budaya, dan spiritual. Dengan demikian, cerita rakyat Dayak Bulusu tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai warisan lisan yang diwariskan dari generasi ke generasi, tetapi juga menjadi sarana pewarisan nilai, penguatan identitas budaya, dan pendidikan karakter bagi generasi muda. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu referensi dalam mendokumentasikan dan melestarikan sastra lisan masyarakat Dayak Bulusu.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan resepsi mahasiswa Universitas Borneo Tarakan terhadap Fan-Fiction Alternate Universe sebagai alternatif penumbuh minat baca sastra. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan data berupa tanggapan 25 mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan yang diperoleh melalui kuesioner terbuka. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa resepsi mahasiswa terhadap Fan-Fiction Alternate Universe secara umum cenderung positif. Mahasiswa menilai Alternate Universe menarik, menyenangkan, tidak membosankan, serta memiliki penyajian yang interaktif melalui percakapan, gambar, tweet, fake chat, dan bahasa yang dekat dengan keseharian. Mahasiswa juga menunjukkan ketertarikan untuk mengikuti cerita, memahami pesan, memberikan penilaian, dan merespons cerita secara emosional. Sebagian besar mahasiswa menyatakan bahwa Alternate Universe dapat memengaruhi minat terhadap bacaan sastra dan mendorong ketertarikan untuk mencari karya sastra lain. Dengan demikian, Fan-Fiction Alternate Universe dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif media yang berpotensi menumbuhkan minat baca sastra mahasiswa melalui penyajian yang ringan, interaktif, dan dekat dengan lingkungan digital.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This study aimed to determine the effect of group guidance services using bola gebok game on students' emotion regulation at SDN 013 Tarakan. The study employed a quantitative approach using a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample consisted of 12 students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using an emotion regulation questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, with a Cronbach's Alpha value of 0.894. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Paired Sample t-Test with the assistance of SPSS. The results showed a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.030 0.05, with a calculated t-value of -2.490. These results indicate that Ha was accepted and HO was rejected, demonstrating an effect of group guidance services using bola gebok game on students' emotion regulation at SDN 013 Tarakan. Therefore, group guidance services using bola gebok game can be used as an alternative guidance service to help improve students' emotion regulation.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
STRATEGI BERTANYA NAJWA SHIHAB DALAM PROGRAM MATA NAJWA EPISODE NARASI EKSKLUSIF “PRABOWO SUBIANTO BICARA” (KAJIAN PRAGMATIK) ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk strategi bertanya yang digunakan Najwa Shihab dalam wawancara Narasi Eksklusif: Prabowo Subianto Bicara pada program Mata Najwa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan data berupa tuturan pertanyaan Najwa Shihab kepada Prabowo Subianto. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode simak bebas cakap dan teknik catat dengan sumber data berupa tayangan wawancara pada kanal YouTube Najwa Shihab. Data dianalisis dengan mengidentifikasi tuturan pertanyaan sebagai tindak tutur direktif, kemudian mengklasifikasikannya berdasarkan strategi bertanya serta memperhatikan konteks penggunaannya. Hasil penelitian terhadap 64 tuturan pertanyaan menunjukkan adanya lima strategi bertanya, yaitu Open Question sebanyak 17 data, Closed Question sebanyak 20 data, Probing Question sebanyak 6 data, Clarification Question sebanyak 11 data, dan Leading Question sebanyak 10 data. Open Question merupakan strategi yang paling banyak digunakan, sedangkan Probing Question paling sedikit ditemukan. Kelima strategi tersebut digunakan secara kontekstual untuk memperoleh, menggali, memperjelas, dan mengarahkan informasi selama proses wawancara. Dengan demikian, penggunaan strategi bertanya Najwa Shihab menunjukkan variasi tuturan pertanyaan sebagai tindak tutur direktif dalam mendukung proses penggalian dan pengembangan informasi dalam wawancara.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kekayaan unsur alam dan ruang yang dihadirkan dalam kumpulan puisi Elegi-Elegi Yogya karya Budhi Setyawan, yang tidak sekadar berfungsi sebagai latar geografis, melainkan juga menyimpan makna simbolik serta kritik ekologis terhadap kondisi Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk representasi alam dan representasi ruang dalam kumpulan puisi tersebut melalui pendekatan ekologi sastra dengan merujuk pada teori Cheryll Glotfelty, didukung oleh teori representasi Stuart Hall dan teori ruang Henri Lefebvre. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan sumber data primer berupa kumpulan puisi Elegi-Elegi Yogya terbitan Diva Press, Yogyakarta, tahun 2024. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik baca, simak, dan catat, sedangkan analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 30 data yang terbagi ke dalam dua kategori besar, yaitu representasi alam dan representasi ruang. Representasi alam ditemukan dalam tiga bentuk, yaitu alam sebagai latar, alam sebagai simbol, dan alam sebagai kritik ekologis. Representasi ruang ditemukan dalam tiga bentuk, yaitu ruang fisik, ruang sosial, serta ruang budaya dan simbolik. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kumpulan puisi Elegi-Elegi Yogya merepresentasikan Yogyakarta sebagai ruang hidup yang menyatukan dimensi ekologis, sosial, dan kultural, sekaligus merefleksikan kesadaran ekologis penyair di tengah tekanan modernisasi.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This study aimed to analyze the effect of the goal setting technique on academic procrastination among Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 11 Tarakan. The study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental research method with a one group pretest-posttest design. The population consisted of Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 11 Tarakan, while the sample comprised 6 students selected through purposive sampling based on recommendations from the guidance and counseling teacher and records in the students' assignment grade book. Data were collected using an academic procrastination scale that had undergone validity and reliability testing. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through a paired sample t-test with the assistance of SPSS version 21. The results showed that students' academic procrastination level before the treatment was categorized as moderate to low, with a mean score of 92. 17. Following the treatment in the form of group counseling services using the goal setting technique, the posttest mean score decreased to 79.67. The descriptive analysis indicated a decrease in students' academic procrastination level after the treatment. Hypothesis testing using the paired sample t-test yielded a t-test value of 4.539 and a significance value (Sig. 2-tailed) of 0.006 0.05, resulting in the rejection of Ho and acceptance of H. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the goal setting technique had an effect on reducing academic procrastination among Grade VIII students at SMP Negeri 11 Tarakan.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan penurunan bobot sampah organik pada proses pengomposan menggunakan metode Berkeley dan Takakura serta mengkaji potensinya sebagai sumber belajar biologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode eksperimen melalui Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu metode pengomposan, dengan dua perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Bahan yang digunakan sampah organik berupa sisa sayuran, daun kering, dan serbuk gergaji dengan penambahan aktivator EM4. Penurunan bobot ditentukan berdasarkan perubahan bobot awal dan akhir bahan hingga berakhirnya proses dekomposisi. Parameter pendukung selama proses pengomposan meliputi suhu, pH, dan kelembapan, sedangkan hasil akhir dianalisis berdasarkan suhu, pH, kelembapan, C-organik, N-total, dan rasio C/N. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata penurunan bobot metode Berkeley sebesar 176,85 g/hari, lebih tinggi dibandingkan Takakura sebesar 146,30 g/hari. Namun uji One-Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan tersebut tidak signifikan secara statistik dengan Sig 0,135 (Sig> 0,05). Karakteristik akhir kompos relatif sama. Berdasarkan SNI, nilai pH, kelembapan, dan N-total memenuhi persyaratan, sedangkan suhu, C-organik dan rasio C/N masih belum memenuhi persyaratan. Hasil penelitian berpotensi dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar biologi dalam bentuk modul ajar pada materi Ekologi dan Lingkungan. Abstract This study aimed to compare the reduction in organic waste weight during the composting process using the Berkeley and Takakura methods and to examine its potential as a biology learning resource. This study employed a quantitative approach using an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) involving one factor, namely the composting method, with two treatments and three replications. The materials consisted of organic waste, including vegetable residues, dried leaves, and sawdust, with the addition of EM4 as an activator. Weight reduction was determined based on the difference between the initial and final weights of the materials at the end of the decomposition process. Supporting parameters monitored during the composting process included temperature, pH, and moisture content, while the final compost characteristics were analyzed based on temperature, pH, moisture content, organic carbon (C-organic), total nitrogen (N-total), and the C/N ratio. The results showed that the mean weight reduction using the Berkeley method was 176.85 g/day, which was higher than that obtained using the Takakura method (146.30 g/day). However, the One-Way ANOVA results indicated that this difference was not statistically significant, with a significance value of 0.135 (p > 0.05). The final characteristics of the compost produced by the two methods were relatively similar. Based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), the pH, moisture content, and total nitrogen values met the required standards, whereas temperature, organic carbon, and the C/N ratio did not yet meet the specified requirements. The findings of this study have potential applications as a biology learning resource in the form of a teaching module for topics related to Ecology and the Environment.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
THE EFFECT OF PRE-TREATMENT AND DRYING METHODS ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL FLAVOR ENHANCERS OF STRAW MUSHROOMS (Volvariella volvacea) Abstract Straw mushrooms (Volvariella volvacea) are food ingredients that contain protein and natural glutamic acid, making them potentially useful as natural flavor enhancers to replace synthetic seasonings. The utilization of straw mushrooms as flavor enhancers is influenced by the processing methods, particularly pre-treatment and drying methods, which can determine the quality characteristics of the final product. This study aims to investigate the effect of pre-treatment and drying methods on the characteristics of natural flavor enhancers of straw mushrooms. The research was conducted at the Agricultural Product Processing Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Borneo Tarakan, using a factorial two-factor completely randomized design with three repetitions. The first factor was pre-treatment, which consisted of control, blanching, soaking in 0.5% citric acid, soaking in 0.25% sodium bisulfite, and soaking in 2% salt, while the second factor was the drying method, which included conventional drying (sunlight) for 12 hours and oven drying at 60°C for 5 hours. The observed parameters included yield, moisture content, protein content, and glutamic acid content. The results showed that pre-treatment and drying methods had a significant effect on moisture content, protein content, and glutamic acid content, whereas the interaction of the two factors did not have a significant effect. Salt soaking treatment resulted in the highest glutamic acid content, while oven drying tended to better preserve the chemical quality of the product compared to conventional drying. The application of appropriate pre-treatment and the use of oven drying methods can enhance the quality characteristics of natural flavor enhancers from straw mushrooms.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Moral character is students' ability to understand good and bad values, possess moral awareness and feelings, and express them in daily behavior, such as honesty, responsibility, empathy, love of goodness, and self-control. This study aims to determine the effect of group guidance services using role-playing techniques embedded with Taro Ada Taro Gau values in strengthening the moral character of MA Hurrasul Aqidah students. This study used a quantitative approach with a pre- experimental design using the one-group pretest-posttest model. The sample consisted of 13 female 1 1th-grade students at MA Hurasul Aqidah. Data were collected using a 45-item moral character scale. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, normality testing, and a paired-samples t-test. The results showed that students' mean moral character score increased from 134.38 on the pretest to 156.85 on the posttest, an increase of 22.46 points (16.71%). This increase indicated a change in students' moral character after receiving group guidance services using role-playing techniques embedded with Taro Ada Taro Gau values. The Paired Samples t-Test results yielded St = -11.906S, df = 12, and p 0.001, thereby rejecting Ho and accepting Ha. Consequently, group guidance services using role-playing techniques embedded with Taro Ada Taro Gau values significantly strengthen the moral character of MA Hurrasul Aqidah students.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
ABSTRACT
This research discusses the design of a compesator based on Root Locus Analysis as a voltage controller in the power generation system. The research aims to model the electrical side of the generator system in the form of a block diagram and design a compensator to increase the response characteristics of the generator voltage regulation system. The research method used is qualitative and experimental by doing mathematical modeling and simulation using MATLAB/Simulink. The modeled system consists of an amplifier, exciter, and a synchronous generator that are presented in the form of expert functions. The analysis is carried out by observing the system response characteristics through the parameters of Delay Time, Rise Time, Peak Team, Settling Team, Maxium Overshoot, Steady-State Value, and Steady-State Eroor. The research results show that after the implementation of the Lead compensator designed using the Root Locus method, there is an increase in the response character of the system. Rise Time Value from 0.22466 seconds to 0,19496 seconds, Peak Time decreased from 0,60501 seconds to 0,46823 seconds, Settling Time decreased from 2,9534 seconds to 1,0935 seconds, and Maximum Overshoot decreased from 46,979% to 23,815%. The results show that the Lead compensator can improve the transient response and increase the stability of the generator voltage regulation system.
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2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the external lightning protection system of the State Elementary School 041 (SDN 041) building in Tarakan City using the protection angle method and the rolling sphere method, in accordance with the General Regulations for Lightning Protection Installations (PUIPP) and SNI 03-7015-2004. The evaluation was conducted to determine the estimated lightning strike hazard level, the extent of the protected area, the effectiveness of the installed protection system, and the adequacy of the grounding resistance value. A quantitative descriptive research method was employed, involving the collection of building dimension data and monthly thunderstorm data, as well as direct soil resistance measurements using an Earth Tester. Calculation results showed that a lightning strike hazard index of 12, indicating that the installation of a lightning protection system was highly recommended. The building's protected area (A_e) was calculated to be 3,958.22 m², with a direct lightning strike frequency (N_d) of 0.052 strikes per year, placing the building in Protection Level IV. Evaluation using the protection angle method with a 45° angle resulted in a protection radius of 31.125 meters for each air terminal, with the entire building structure situated within the safe zone. Analysis using the rolling sphere method with a 60-meter radius showed that the sphere did not touch the building structure but only contacted the air terminals, with an estimated lightning strike current of 234.89 A. Field measurements indicated a grounding resistance value of 209 2; subsequent parallel calculation showed a value of 0.23 2, which met the safety standard of SNI 03-7015-2004 (requiring a value below 52).
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Abstrak Budidaya udang windu (Penaeus monodon) menghadapi ancaman serius akibat infeksi bakteri Vibrio sp., yang dapat menyebabkan vibriosis dan Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) dengan tingkat mortalitas lebih dari 90%. Penggunaan antibiotik sintetis yang tidak terkontrol dapat memicu resistensi bakteri dan meninggalkan residu berbahaya pada produk perikanan, sehingga diperlukan alternatif antibakteri yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas kalsium oksida (CaO) yang disintesis dari limbah cangkang kerang kapah (Meretrix sp.) sebagai agen antibakteri terhadap Vibrio sp. CaO diperoleh melalui kalsinasi tepung cangkang pada suhu 1000°C dan dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi FTIR. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan lima perlakuan yaitu kontrol positif amoksisilin, kontrol negatif etanol, CaO 5%, 10%, dan 15%, masing-masing tiga ulangan. Hasil karakterisasi FTIR mengkonfirmasi terbentuknya CaO yang ditandai munculnya puncak vibrasi ikatan Ca–O pada bilangan gelombang 551,64 cm⁻¹ dan 397,34 cm⁻¹. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh konsentrasi CaO mampu menghambat pertumbuhan Vibrio sp., dengan diameter zona hambat tertinggi pada konsentrasi 15% sebesar rata-rata 5,67 mm.Uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antar perlakuan (p = 0,006; p 0,05), mengindikasikan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri CaO bersifat semakin tinggi konsentrasi, semakin kuat efeknya. Mekanisme kerja antibakteri melalui, pembentukan Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), denaturasi protein, dan kerusakan membran sel bakteri. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa CaO dari cangkang kerang kapah berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai agen antibakteri alami dan ramah lingkungan untuk mendukung budidaya udang yang berkelanjutan. Kata kunci: Akuakultur; Difusi cakram; Meretrix sp.; Vibrio sp.; Zona hambat. Abstract Tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) aquaculture faces a serious threat from Vibrio sp. bacterial infections, which can cause vibriosis and Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND), with a mortality rate exceeding 90%. The uncontrolled use of synthetic antibiotics can trigger bacterial resistance and leave harmful residues in fishery products, necessitating the development of effective and environmentally friendly antibacterial alternatives. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium oxide (CaO) synthesized from waste shells of the kapah clam (Meretrix sp.) as an antibacterial agent against Vibrio sp. CaO was obtained through calcination of shell powder at 1000°C and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity testing was conducted using the disc diffusion method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), comprising five treatments: a positive control of amoxicillin, a negative control of ethanol, and CaO at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%, each replicated three times. FTIR characterization confirmed the formation of CaO, indicated by the appearance of Ca-O bond vibration peaks at wavenumbers of 551.64 cm¹ and 397.34 cm. The results show that all CaO concentrations were capable of inhibiting the growth of Vibrio sp., with the highest inhibition zone diameter recorded at the 15% concentration, yielding a mean of 5.67 mm. One-Way ANOVA revealed significant differences among treatments (p=0.006; p 0.05), indicating a concentration-dependent antibacterial activity, whereby higher concentrations produced stronger inhibitory effects. The antibacterial mechanism operates through the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), protein denaturation, and bacterial cell membrane damage. This study concludes that CaO derived from kapah clam shells has potential for development as a natural and environmentally friendly antibacterial agent to support sustainable prawn aquaculture. Keywords: Aquaculture, Disc Diffusion, Meretrix sp., Vibeto sp., Inhibition Zone.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
ABSTRAK Kualitas tanah merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan budidaya udang windu (Penaeus monodon), terutama pada sistem tambak tradisional yang masih sangat bergantung pada kondisi alami tanah dan perairan. Tanah dasar tambak berperan sebagai media penampung bahan organik, penyedia unsur hara, serta tempat berlangsungnya proses biogeokimia yang memengaruhi kualitas lingkungan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas tanah tambak budidaya udang windu di Pulau Tanjung Karis, Kabupaten Bulungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari–Maret 2026 menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif pada tiga stasiun, yaitu Stasiun 1 dan Stasiun 2 sebagai petak tambak, serta Stasiun 3 sebagai area kontrol di luar tambak. Sampel tanah diambil secara komposit, kemudian dianalisis terhadap parameter pH tanah, potensial redoks, tekstur tanah, bahan organik, C-organik, kapasitas tukar kation, fosfat, dan nitrat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui nilai kisaran, rata-rata, standar deviasi, serta dibandingkan dengan baku mutu dan literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tanah tergolong sangat masam, dengan pH H₂O berkisar 3,76–4,26 dan pH KCl berkisar 3,51–4,11. Nilai potensial redoks berada pada kondisi oksidatif, yaitu 210,98–263,77 mV. Tekstur tanah didominasi oleh fraksi debu dan liat, sedangkan bahan organik berkisar 2,93–6,29%, C-organik 1,70–3,65%, KTK 13,94–19,63 me/100 g, fosfat 13,39–21,06 mg/kg, dan nitrat 33,17–70,15 mg/kg. Secara umum, kualitas tanah tambak di Pulau Tanjung Karis masih memiliki beberapa faktor pembatas, terutama pH tanah yang sangat masam, C-organik yang rendah, serta akumulasi fosfat dan nitrat yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengelolaan tanah tambak secara berkelanjutan untuk mendukung budidaya udang windu yang optimal. Kata kunci: kualitas tanah, tambak tradisional, udang windu, Penaeus monodon, Pulau Tanjung Karis Abstract Soil quality is one the key factors determining the succes of giant tiger shrimp (Penaueus monodon) farming, particuraly in traditional pons system that remain heavily depedent on natural soil and water conditions. The pond bottom soil serves as a medium for storing organic matter, a source of nutrients, and a site for biogeochemical processes that influence the quaity of the farming environment. This study aims to analyze the soil quaity of giant tiger shrimp farming ponds on Tanjung Karis Island, Bulungan Regency. The Study was conducted from January to March 2026 using a quantitative descripitve method at three stations: Station 1 and Station 2 as aquaculuture plots, and Station 3 as a control area outside the farming ponds. Soil samples were collected as composite samples and then analyzed for soil pH, redox potensial, soil texture, organic matter, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, phospate and nitrate. The data were analyzed descriptively using range, mean and standard deviation, and compared with quality standards and relevant literarture. The results of the study show that the soil pH is classified as highly acidic, with H₂O pH ranging from 3.76 to 4.26 and KCI ph ranging from 3.51 to 4.11. The redox potential values indicate oxidative conditions, ranging from 210.98 to 263.77 mV. The soil texture is dominated by silt and clay fractions, while organic matter ranges from 2.93-6.29%, organic carbon 1.70-3.65%, cation exchange capacity (CEC) 13.94-19.63 me/100 g, phosphate 13.39-21.06 mg/kg, and nitrate 33.17-70.15 mg/kg. In general, the quaity of pond soil on Tanjug Karis Island is still limited by several factors, particularly and nitrate. Therefore, sustainable management of farming ponds is necessary to support optimal giant tiger shrimp farming. Keywords: Soil Quality, Traditional Shrimp Ponds, Giant Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon, Tanjung Karis Island
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya karakter sopan santun peserta didik kelas V-C SDN Utama 2 Tarakan dalam penggunaan kata santun sehari-hari, yang dipengaruhi oleh dampak globalisasi dan penggunaan teknologi yang tidak terkontrol. Metode pembelajaran konvensional dinilai belum mampu membentuk kebiasaan bersikap santun secara optimal, sehingga diperlukan media pembelajaran yang lebih inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan dan kemenarikan media flashcard magic words berbasis pendidikan karakter sopan santun, serta mengetahui sikap sopan santun peserta didik kelas V-C dalam penggunaan media tersebut pada kegiatan belajar maupun interaksi sehari-hari di sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan 4D yang terdiri dari empat tahapan, yaitu Define (pendefinisian), Design (perancangan), Development (pengembangan), dan Disseminate (penyebaran). Namun, penelitian ini dibatasi hanya sampai pada tahap Development, sedangkan tahap Disseminate tidak dilaksanakan karena keterbatasan waktu, biaya, dan cakupan penelitian sehingga penyebaran media secara lebih luas belum dapat dilakukan. Subjek penelitian adalah 27 peserta didik kelas V-C SDN Utama 2 Tarakan. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara, lembar validasi ahli, angket kemenarikan siswa, dan lembar observasi pembiasaan sikap sopan santun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media flashcard magic words dinyatakan sangat layak digunakan berdasarkan validasi ahli media (95,38%), validasi ahli bahasa (90%), dan validasi praktisi (96,36%). Tingkat kemenarikan media pada uji coba terbatas mencapai 97,92% dan pada uji coba lapangan sebesar 91,76%, keduanya termasuk kategori sangat menarik. Adapun hasil analisis sikap sopan santun peserta didik setelah menggunakan media memperoleh persentase sebesar 61,42%, yang termasuk dalam kategori cukup baik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media flashcard magic words layak, menarik, dan cukup baik digunakan untuk membentuk karakter sopan santun peserta didik kelas V-C SDN Utama 2 Tarakan.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This study aims to analyze the effects of capital expenditure and expenditure on goods and services on labor absorption in North Kalimantan Province, both partially and simultaneously. A quantitative method was employed using secondary data on capital expenditure, expenditure on goods and services, and labor absorption across the regencies and municipality of North Kalimantan Province during the 2015-2024 period. The data were obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. Panel data regression analysis was conducted using EViews 12, and the model selection procedure identified the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) as the most appropriate estimation model. The results show that, partially, capital expenditure has a negative but statistically insignificant effect on labor absorption. In contrast, expenditure on goods and services has a positive and statistically significant effect on labor absorption across the regencies and municipality of North Kalimantan Province. Simultaneously, capital expenditure and expenditure on goods and services exert a statistically significant effect on labor absorption. These findings reveal that expenditure on goods and services contributes more substantially to labor absorption than capital expenditure. Accordingly, local governments should optimize the allocation of regional expenditures in an effective, efficient, and targeted manner to promote labor opportunities and support sustainable regional economic development
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•
Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh penting nya manajemen pakan dalam budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) untuk meningkatkan efesiensi produksi, terutama karena biaya pakan komersil terus meningkat. Grindal worm (Enchytraeus bucholzi) merupakan pakan alami bernutrisi tinggi yang berpotensi menjadi alternatif atau pelengkap pakan komersil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian Grindal worm, pakan komersil dan kombinasi terhadap pertumbuhan, kelangsungan hidup, rasio konversi pakan, serta kualitas air benih lele sangkuriang. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen sungguhan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dan tujuh ulangan, yaitu A (100% pakan komersil), B (100% Grindal worm) dan yang C (50% pakan komersil + 50% Grindal worm). Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 30 hari dengan parameter pertumbuhan berat mutlak, panjang mutlak, Survival Rate (SR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), suhu, pH, oksigen terlarut dan amonia. Data analisis menggunakan ANOVA pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil menunjukkan kualitas air berada pada kisaran optimal, yaitu suhu 25-28°C, pH 5,10-5,93, DO 4,3-6,9 mg/L dan amonia 0,253-1,256 mg/L. Tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata (P>0,05) pada pertumbuhan dan SR, tetapi FCR berbeda nyata (P0,05). Perlakuan C mengahasilkan FCR terendah yaitu, 0,96 sehingga paling efesien dalam pemanfaatan pakan. Kesimpulannya, kombinasi kedua pakan dapat meningkatkan efesiensi tanpa menurunkan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih dalam lingkungan terkontrol budidaya yang baik. Kata Kunci: Clarias gariepinus, Enchytraeus buchholzi, Pertumbuhan, FCR ABSTRACT The importance of feed management in the production efficiency of Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was the rationale of this study, particularly in consideration of the increasing cost of commercial feed. Enchytraeus bucholzi, or Grindal worms, constitute a highly nutritious organic feed source which could potentially be utilized as an alternative as well as through combination with manufactured feed. The aim of this study was to determine whether administering commercil feed, Grindal worms, and their combination affects Sangkuriang catfish fry growth, survival rate, feed conversion ratio, and water quality. Three treatments and seven replicates were performed during this simulated experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD): A (100% commercil feed), B (100% Grindal worms), and C (50% commercil feed + 50% Grindal worms). Absolute weight, absolute length, Survival Rate (SR), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia were among the growth metrics used during the 30-day cultivation period. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA at a 95% confidence level. Results showed that water quality was within the optimal range, namely temperature 25–28°C, pH 5.10–5.93, DO 4.3–6.9 mg/L, and ammonia 0.253–1.256 mg/L. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in growth and SR, but FCR differed significantly (P 0.05). Treatment C produced the lowest FCR, at 0.96, making it the most efficient in feed utilization. In conclusion, the combination of the two feeds can improve efficiency without reducing growth and survival of the fry in a well-controlled aquaculture environment. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, Enchytraeus buchholzi, Growth, FCR
