ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dan Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi serta mengidentifikasi dependensi spasial antar kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data panel yang mencakup lima kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara selama periode 2014–2023. Data penelitian bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dan Direktorat Jenderal Perimbangan Keuangan (DJPK). Analisis dilakukan melalui estimasi awal, pengujian dependensi antarwilayah menggunakan Pesaran’s Cross-sectional Dependence Test, serta estimasi regresi spasial menggunakan Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) dan Spatial Error Model (SEM) dengan pendekatan random effects dan spatial fixed-effects. Pemilihan model terbaik dilakukan berdasarkan nilai Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) terendah dan log-likelihood tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dependensi spasial antar kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara, dengan nilai statistik Pesaran CD sebesar 9,215 dan probabilitas 0,0000. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan model, Spatial Error Model (SEM) dengan spatial fixed-effects dipilih sebagai model terbaik dengan AIC sebesar 97,21685 dan log-likelihood sebesar −44,6084. Pada model tersebut, PAD berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan koefisien sebesar −18,48927 dan probabilitas 0,030, sedangkan DAU berpengaruh positif dan signifikan dengan koefisien sebesar 454,9621 dan probabilitas 0,030. Parameter spasial lambda (λ) sebesar −0,803902 dengan probabilitas 0,000 menunjukkan adanya dependensi spasial negatif pada komponen error, yang mengindikasikan adanya faktor-faktor tidak teramati yang memiliki keterkaitan spasial antarwilayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Utara tidak hanya berkaitan dengan kondisi fiskal daerah, tetapi juga dengan keterkaitan spasial antarwilayah. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan pembangunan perlu mempertimbangkan karakteristik kewilayahan dan memperkuat koordinasi antardaerah untuk mendukung pemerataan dan keberlanjutan pertumbuhan ekonomi.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Cadangan devisa merupakan indikator penting dalam menjaga stabilitas ekonomi dan ketahanan eksternal suatu negara, termasuk Indonesia. Namun, tingginya ketergantungan terhadap utang luar negeri serta fluktuasi kegiatan ekspor dan impor berpotensi memengaruhi cadangan devisa nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh utang luar negeri, ekspor, dan impor terhadap cadangan devisa Indonesia, baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data time series periode 1990-2024 yang bersumber dari publikasi World Bank, dan dianalisis menggunakan Error Correction Model (ECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa utang luar negeri dan ekspor berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap cadangan devisa, baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Sebaliknya, impor berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap cadangan devisa dalam kedua jangka waktu tersebut. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengelolaan utang luar negeri yang hati-hati serta penguatan kinerja ekspor penting untuk menjaga stabilitas cadangan devisa Indonesia, sementara pengendalian impor diperlukan agar cadangan devisa tidak tertekan.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
ABSTRAK ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBAYARAN NON TUNAI DAN JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR TERHADAP INFLASI DI INDONESIA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL ECM Santi Kartini, S.E., M.Sc Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pembayaran non tunai yang meliputi nilai transaksi kartu ATM/debit, kartu kredit, dan e-money, serta jumlah uang beredar (M2) terhadap inflasi di Indonesia periode Januari 2020 hingga Desember 2025. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Error Correction Model (ECM) dengan data runtun waktu bulanan sebanyak 72 observasi. Hasil uji stasioneritas menunjukkan seluruh variabel terintegrasi pada ordo I(1), dan uji kointegrasi Johansen mengonfirmasi adanya hubungan keseimbangan jangka panjang antar variabel. Hasil estimasi jangka panjang menunjukkan bahwa kartu ATM/debit berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap inflasi (koefisien 0,9506 p=0,0011), e-money berpengaruh positif dan signifikan (koefisien 0,7698 p=0,0320), serta jumlah uang beredar M2 berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan (koefisien −3,6074 p=0,0204). Kartu kredit tidak berpengaruh signifikan dalam jangka panjang (p=0,3268). Dalam jangka pendek, hanya kartu ATM/debit yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap inflasi (koefisien 1,1438 p=0,0222), sedangkan kartu kredit, e-money, dan M2 tidak signifikan. Koefisien ECT(−1) sebesar −0,9926 yang signifikan mengindikasikan kecepatan penyesuaian menuju keseimbangan jangka panjang sebesar 99,26% per bulan.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh utang luar negeri, investasi asing langsung (FDI), kurs, dan ekspor terhadap cadangan devisa Indonesia baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder triwulan dari kuartal pertama tahun 2016 hingga kuartal keempat tahun 2025, yang bersumber dari Trading Economics dan Satu Data Kemendag. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Error Correction Model (ECM), dengan pengujian stasioneritas menggunakan uji Phillips-Perron serta uji kointegrasi Johansen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka panjang, utang luar negeri dan investasi asing langsung (FDI) memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap cadangan devisa, sedangkan kurs dan ekspor tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Sementara itu, dalam jangka pendek hanya utang luar negeri yang memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap cadangan devisa. Secara simultan, keempat variabel tersebut berpengaruh signifikan terhadap cadangan devisa baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Temuan ini dapat diinterpretasikan sejalan dengan Two Gap Theory Chenery dan Strout (1966), khususnya mengenai peran pembiayaan eksternal dalam perekonomian negara berkembang.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•
This study aims to analyze grammatical errors in the writing of eighth-grade students at SMPK Frater Don Bosco Tarakan and to identify their causes. This study employed a qualitative descriptive method and involved 20 students. Data gathered through paragraph-writing assignments and interviews, and examined according to the Surface Strategy Taxonomy established by Dulay et al, (1982), encompass omission, addition, misformation, and misordering, The study's results indicate 127 grammatical errors, categorized as omissions (33), additions (5), misformations (76), and misordering (13), with misformations as the predominant error type. These errors were caused by a lack of grasp of syntax, the effect of the original language, and difficulty in translating concepts. This study found that students still require practice and feedback to improve their writing skills. Future researchers are encouraged to look into other areas, such as mechanical faults in writing.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This study examines students' mistakes in translating idiomatic idioms among sixth- semester students in the English Department at the University of Borneo Tarakan. This study also explores the variables that cause these errors. This study uses qualitative content analysis techniques and the subjects are students from local A1 and A2 in the sixth semester of the English Education Department, University of Borneo Tarakan. This study employs qualitative content analysis approaches, focusing on students from local A1 and A2 in their sixth semester, majoring in English Education at the University of Borneo Tarakan. Data collection was executed via document analysis and interviews. The results of the study found that students faced many challenges in interpreting idiomatic phrases, including linguistic knowledge, cultural differences, and style constraints. This occurs as students struggle to identify the most analogous source language and to derive a meaning that aligns with the idiomatic expression. Numerous challenges arise from factors such as students' unfamiliarity with idiomatic expressions, cultural disparities between English and Indonesian, the infrequent application of these expressions in daily communication or writing, and the intricacies associated with interpreting idiomatic phrases. Finally, this study encourages lecturers and students to investigate language through vocabulary and linguistic phrases, particularly idioms, and to apply them in daily practice, both written and spoken, in and out of the classroom.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Writing paragraphs can be a difficult task for individuals who are not native English speakers. This study aims to discover and analyze errors in paragraph writing among second-semester students in the English Department, as well as to determine the underlying causes of these errors. This study investigates intricate social processes through a qualitative and descriptive methodology. The study included a sample of 39 second-semester English Department 2023 local A1 students recruited via purposive sampling. Data were gathered through document analysis and interviews, which yielded an extensive understanding of the writing talents of the pupils. The data analysis process adheres to the structure developed by Miles and Huberman, which consists of three main stages: data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The study uncovers a substantial disparity between students' writing abilities and anticipated results, emphasizing the necessity for focused interventions in summarization, grammar, vocabulary, and mechanics. Interviews with instructors validate these concerns, and it is suggested that a combination of teaching methods, such as direct instruction, mind mapping, workshops, and ongoing feedback, be employed to enhance abilities and cultivate a favorable learning atmosphere.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2024•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This research aims to describe students’ problems in writing skils in eight-grade students at SMPN 5 Tarakan. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method. This research was conducted at SMPN 5 Tarakan with a class VIII-C of 31students. The data collected used analysis documents and questionaires as research instruments. From data analysis, researchers found students’ problem and the causes of the problems from English writing skills for class VIII-C SMPN 5 Tarakan. Especially in describing objects, writing vocabulary, and making mistakes when working on questions according to instructions. Furthermore, lack of vocabulary, teaching methods, less effective strategies, and the students’ environment. Based on the findings above, the researcher concluded that the biggest cause of students’ difficulties in English writing skills is background knowledge and the lack of vocabulary.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2023•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesalahan berbahasa pada karangan narasi ekspositoris siswa kelas VIII-2 SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif yang menekankan pada deskripsi, maka penelitian ini termasuk ke dalam jenis penelitian deskripsi kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa karangan narasi ekspositoris siswa kelas VIII-2 SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan yang diperoleh menggunakan teknik wawancara, teknik dokumentasi, teknik membaca dan teknik catat. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesalahan berbahasa pada karangan narasi ekspositoris siswa kelas VIII-2 SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan yang ditemukan sebanyak 217 kasus kesalahan berbahasa, diantaranya: (1) kesalahan penulisan huruf kapital berjumlah 155 kasus kesalahan, (2) kesalahan penulisan ku-, kau-, -ku, -mu, dan -nya berjumlah 2 kasus kesalahan, (3) kesalahan penulisan preposisi di, ke, dan dari berjumlah 13 kasus kesalahan, (4) kesalahan penulisan partikel pun berjumlah 7 kasus kesalahan, (5) kesalahan penulisan lambang bilangan berjumlah 6 kasus kesalahan, (6) kesalahan penulisan tanda baca berjumlah 5 kasus kesalahan, (7) kesalahan penulisan tanda hubung berjumlah 8 kasus kesalahan, (8) kesalahan penulisan kata (kurang huruf dan kelebihan huruf) berjumlah 6 kasus kesalahan, (9) kesalahan penyingkatan kata berjumlah 13 kasus kesalahan, dan (10) kesalahan semantik penggunaan kata pukul dan jam berjumlah 2 kasus kesalahan. Secara keseluruhan kesalahan berbahasa pada karangan siswa kelas VIII-2 adalah kesalahan ejaan. The research goal was to find language errors in the expository, narrative essays of class VIII-2 students at SMP Negeri 1 Tarakan. This research employed qualitative research emphasising description, which was included in the type of qualitative descriptive research. The data in this research were expository, narrative essays from class VIII-2 students obtained using interviews, documentation, reading, and note-taking techniques. The results of this research showed that there were 217 cases of language errors in the expository narrative essays of students in class VIII- 2, including (1) 155 errors in writing capital letters, (2) 2 errors in writing capital letters, -, kau-, -ku, -mu, and -nya, (3) 13 errors in writing prepositions di, ke, and dari, (4) 7 errors in writing particles-pun, (5) 6 errors in writing number symbols, (6) 5 errors in writing punctuation, (7) 8 errors in writing hyphens, (8) 6 errors in writing words (fewer letters and excess letters), (9) 13-word abbreviation errors, and (10) 2 semantic errors in using the words o'clock and clock. The language errors in III-2 students' essays were spelling errors.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2023•
This research aims to describe language errors made by writers at the syntactic level in the field of sentences in the Nusantara column in the June 2022 edition of Radar Tarakan newspaper. Language errors in the field of syntax included the use of illogical sentences, the use of redundant sentences, the use of unnecessary question words and the use of foreign language terms. This research used descriptive qualitative. The data source in this research was cited in the Nusantara column in Radar Tarakan newspaper in June 2022. The techniques were the reading technique, note-taking technique and inferring technique. Based on the research and discussion results, 17 newspapers found language errors at the syntactic level. The total was 47 language errors, which were divided into 4 (four) language errors: the use of illogical sentences; 4 (four) language errors, the use of redundant sentences; 4 (four) language errors, the use of unnecessary question words, 5 (five) language errors, and the use of foreign language terms were 34 (thirty-four) language errors.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2023•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This study aims to find the types of grammatical errors that students make in writing recount text, the types of errors that students make most often, and the sources of these errors. The researcher used a qualitative-descriptive design. The research subjects were 21 students of class IX-1 at SMP Negeri 10 Tarakan. The researcher used writing tests and interviews to collect data. The results showed that students made grammatical errors in all categories based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy (Dulay, 1982). The first category was formation error which is the highest type of error made by students with 65 errors or (82%). The second category was omission which consisted of 7 errors (9%). The third type of errors was arrangement errors with 6 errors (8%). Addition is the lowest error type with only 1 error (1%). The sources of errors that affect students in making errors were interlingual transfer and intralingual transfer. The intralingual transfer was the highest frequency, with 66 errors (84%). Interlingual transfer was the second source of errors with 3 errors (16%).
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2022•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This study aimed to (1) identify the types of simple errors past tense used by grade 8A of SMPN 3 Bunyu Island students in writing Recount Text, (2) identify the most common past tense errors often done by grade 8A students in writing Recount Text, and (3) identify the causes of simple past tense errors that done by 8A grade students in writing Recount Text. The subjects of this study were 30 semester 1 students. The results showed that there were 94 errors found in the writing Students consisting of 15 errors on omission, 12 errors on addition, 39 errors on misformation and 28 error on misordering. The error was caused by the influence of the first language (interlingual), and students equate the rules of writing English with Bahasa Indonesian (intralingual). In conclusion, students tended to experience problems related to simple past tense in recount text and it was influenced by Indonesian in the process of learning English and other factors caused by the way learning students who use the online system so that it was less effective and use cellphones a lot to do assignments so that the understanding of the teacher was lacking.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2021•
This research was conducted to (1) identify and describe the types of errors in narrative text made by the fourth semester students majoring in English education at the Borneo Tarakan University (UBT); (2) find out the frequency of types of the errors; (3) identify and describe the sources of the errors. The subjects of this study were 29 third semester students. Data were collected by asking the students to write narrative text with the given topics. To get information about possible causes of the errors, 6 students were interviewed. The results showed that there were totally 140 errors found in students’ writings which were analyzed using Surface Strategy Taxonomy. They consisted of 55 omission errors, 62 addition errors, 17 formation errors, and 6 placement errors. Meanwhile, based on the comparative analysis taxonomy, 77 errors were caused by developmental factor, 25 errors by interlingual factor, 29 errors by ambiguous factor, and 9 errors by other factors. In conclusion, the students’ grammatical errors were due to their lack of grammar understanding and the influence of indonesian structure in the process of learning English.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2021•
CLASSIFYING ERRORS IN EIGHT GRADERS’S DESCRIPTIVE WRITING IN SMP NEGERI 2 SEI RURAL; AN APPLICATION OF A SURFACE STRATEGY TAXONOMY This purpose of this study is to describe and classify the types of errors in descriptive text. This was conducted in SMP Negeri 2 Sei Menggaris in the academic year of 2020/2021. The subjects were the students of eight grade, with 22 students. This employed mixed methods. The data were collected through written text, of which results were then analyzed using a surface strategy taxonomy. The result showed that there were 40 errors which were analyzed using the surface strategy taxonomy. Among the errors, there are omission errors (20) formation errors (17) placement errors (3) no addition errors identified. It is suggested for the teachers to pay more attention to the mistakes identify here and to give more portions in explaining the corresponding. For students, they need to improve their vocabulary. This is to reduce the errors in writing. They should read more references like books, magazines, the internet learning source. They can make a small note of words list to improve their vocabularies mastery.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2021•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This study was conducted to identify the types of errors in the students’ descriptive text. This is a descriptive qualitative study conducted in MIA 4 at SMAN 2 Tarakan in the 2020/2021 academic year. The subjects were 28 students. This research was conducted online on Friday 18 September 2020. The technique of data collection was a written test. It focused on classifying errors, based on the Surface Strategy Taxonomy. Based on the analysis, there were 153 errors, among of which are addition (18 errors or 12%), omission(33 or 21%), formation errors (101 or 66%), and placement errors (1 or 1%). The most common error is spelling errors, classified into misformation errors with 67 total error out of153 total errors. In conclusion, the researcher found 153 errors that occurred in a descriptive text made by the tenth grade students of MIA 4 from SMAN 2 Tarakan.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2021•
This research aimed to describe the form of language errors in the field of spelling and syntax in the descriptive compositions written by the Grade VII.9 students of SMPN 1 Tarakan. The study was considered as decriptive-qualitative research with the data in the form of words, clauses and sentences in the descriptive compositions written by the Grade VII.9 students of SMPN 1 Tarakan containing language errors in their writing compositions. The data were obtained from the descriptive compositions written by the Grade VII.9 students of SMPN 1 Tarakan in the academic year of 2020-2021. In this research, the data were analyzed using the basic Direct Element Sharing (DES) and further techniques, consisting of omission, substitution, and insertion techniques. The results showed that there were language errors in the descriptive compositions written by the Grade VII.9 students of SMPN 1 Tarakan. The results show that there were 207 errors, consisting of 73 capital letter writing errors, 27 writing errors on ku-, kau-, -ku, -mu, 60 preposition writting erros, 25 puncuation errors, 5 symbol writing errors, 3 excessive element use errors, 5 excessive superlative use errors, 5 double pluralization errors, and 4 excessive conjunction use errors. The errors with the gratest frequency occurred in writing the capital letters (73 errors), meaning that the students’ ability to understand how to write capital letters was still poor. Meanwhile, the smallest errors occurred in the excessive element use (3 errors).
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2021•
The purpose of this study was to assess the types of grammatical errors and the most common grammatical errors made by seventh-grade students in SMPN 5 Tarakan in writing descriptive text. The subjects of this study were 30 seventh-grade students. The data were collected by asking the students to write a descriptive text on the given topics. The data were analyzed using statistics and descriptive analysis. The result of the study showed that there were sixteen grammatical errors, namely verb to be, determiner, subject verb agreement, plural, singular, word order, word missing, unnecessary, conjunction, spelling, article, pronoun, possessive, noun, preposition, and gerund. Thus, the most common grammatical errors made by the seventh grade students of SMPN 5 Tarakan in writing descriptive text was Spelling with the percentage of 22.2%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the students faced problems in the process of writing a text such as having low knowledge about how to write a text using grammar correctly.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2020•Skripsi, Thesis, Disertasi, dan Tugas Akhir
This research was conducted to (1) identify and describe the types of errors in descriptive paragraph made by the third semester students majoring in English education at the Borneo Tarakan University (UBT); (2) find out the frequency of types of the errors; (3) identify and describe the sources of the errors. The subjects of this study were 37 third semester students. Data were collected by asking the students to write descriptive paragraphs with the given topics. To get information about possible causes of the errors, 6 students were interviewed. The results showed that there were totally 401 errors found in students’ writings which were analyzed using Surface Strategy Taxonomy. They consisted of 98 omission errors, 58 addition errors, 226 formation errors, and 19 placement errors. Meanwhile, based on the comparative analysis taxonomy, 150 errors were caused by developmental factor, 21 errors by interlingual factor, 72 errors by ambiguous factor, and 3 errors by other factors. In conclusion, the students’ grammatical errors were due to their lack of grammar understanding and the influence of indonesian structure in the process of learning English.
