Kajian Kualitas Air Buangan Tambak Budidaya Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) Sistem Tradisional Dengan Perlakuan Probiotik Di Pulau Tibi, Kabupaten Bulungan
Abstrak Budidaya udang windu sistem tradisional masih menjadi kegiatan utama di Kabupaten Bulungan yang cenderung menurun produktivitas tambak dan produksi udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kualitas air buangan tambak budidaya udang windu sistem tradisional di Pulau Tibi, Kabupaten Bulungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan mulai bulan September sampai dengan Desember 2024. Penentuan titik sampling menggunakan purposive sampling. Pada stasiun 1 menggunakan penambahan probiotik EM4 dengan dosis 190 L/Ha, stasiun 2 menggunakan probiotik RICA dengan dosis 6 L/Ha dengan frekuensi pemberian 2 minggu sekali, sedangkan stasiun 3 tidak menggunakan probiotik dan stasiun 4 air sungai. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dan mengacu pada Permen KP 75/2016 dan 28/2004. Hasil pengamatan stasiun 1 (EM4) menunjukkan kekeruhan 90,4 NTU, TSS 92 mg/L, BOD5 3,89 mg/L, nitrat 0,32 mg/L, fosfat 0,1 mg/L, amonia 0,06 mg/L, H₂S 0,72 mg/L, nitrit 0,15 mg/L, dan pH 6,9. Stasiun 2 (RICA), kekeruhan 51,4 NTU, TSS 77 mg/L, BOD5 2,5 mg/L, nitrat 0,22 mg/L, fosfat 0,16 mg/L, amonia 0,12 mg/L, H₂S 0,57 mg/L, nitrit 0,1 mg/L, dan pH 7,2. Sedangkan stasiun 3 (tanpa probiotik), kekeruhan 58,7 NTU, TSS 19 mg/L, BOD5 2,78 mg/L, nitrat 0,28 mg/L, fosfat 0,09 mg/L, amonia 0,2 mg/L, H₂S 2,44 mg/L, nitrit 0,09 mg/L, dan pH 5. Hasil pengamatan sungai 1 menunjukkan kekeruhan 50,5 NTU, TSS 30 mg/L, BOD5 1,95 mg/L, nitrat 0,3 mg/L, fosfat 0,13 mg/L, amonia 0,17 mg/L, H₂S 0,99 mg/L, nitrit 0,2 mg/L, dan pH 6,8. Sedangkan pada sungai 2, kekeruhan 309 NTU, TSS 341 mg/L, BOD5 6,11 mg/L, nitrat 0,2 mg/L, fosfat 0,56 mg/L, amonia 0,18 mg/L, H₂S 1,75 mg/L, nitrit 0,3 mg/L, dan pH 6. Secara keseluruhan, penggunaan probiotik RICA lebih efektif dalam memperbaiki kualitas air buangan tambak dibandingkan probiotik EM4 maupun tanpa probiotik. Abstract Shrimp farming using a traditional system remains a significant activity in Bulungan Regency, although pond productivity and shrimp production tend to declining. This study aimed to assess the quality of wastewater from traditional shrimp farming ponds on Tibi Island, Bulungan Regency. The research wass conducted from September to December 2024. Sampling points were determined using a purposive sampling approach. At station 1, EM4 probiotics were applied at a dosage of 190 L/Ha, while station 2 used RICA probiotics at a dosage of 6 L/Ha with an application frequency of once every two weeks. Station 3 did not use probiotics, and station 4 represented river water. The method employed was a descriptive quantitative approach, as referenced in Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulations Permen KP 75/2016 and 28/2004. The results from station 1 (EM4) showed turbidity of 90.4 NTU, TSS 92 mg/L, BOD₅ 3.89 mg/L, nitrate 0.32 mg/L, phosphate 0.1 mg/L, ammonia 0.06 mg/L, H₂S 0.72 mg/L, nitrite 0.15 mg/L, and pH 6.9. Station 2 (RICA), showed turbidity of 51.4 NTU, TSS 77 mg/L, BOD₅ 2.5 mg/L, nitrate 0.22 mg/L, phosphate 0.16 mg/L, ammonia 0.12 mg/L, H₂S 0.57 mg/L, nitrite 0.1 mg/L, and pH 7.2. Meanwhile, station 3 (without probiotics) showed turbidity of 58.7 NTU, TSS 19 mg/L, BOD₅ 2.78 mg/L, nitrate 0.28 mg/L, phosphate 0.09 mg/L, ammonia 0.2 mg/L, H₂S 2.44 mg/L, nitrite 0.09 mg/L, and pH 5. The results from river 1 showed turbidity of 50.5 NTU, TSS 30 mg/L, BOD₅ 1.95 mg/L, nitrate 0.3 mg/L, phosphate 0.13 mg/L, ammonia 0.17 mg/L, H₂S 0.99 mg/L, nitrite 0.2 mg/L, and pH 6.8. In river 2, turbidity was 309 NTU, TSS 341 mg/L, BOD₅ 6.11 mg/L, nitrate 0.2 mg/L, phosphate 0.56 mg/L, ammonia 0.18 mg/L, H₂S 1.75 mg/L, nitrite 0.3 mg/L, and pH 6. Overall, the use of RICA probiotics is more effective in improving the quality of aquaculture wastewater compared to EM4 probiotics or without probiotics.