Analisis Kualias Tanah Tambak Budidaya Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) Di Pulau Tanjung Karis Kabupaten Bulungan
ABSTRAK Kualitas tanah merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang menentukan keberhasilan budidaya udang windu (Penaeus monodon), terutama pada sistem tambak tradisional yang masih sangat bergantung pada kondisi alami tanah dan perairan. Tanah dasar tambak berperan sebagai media penampung bahan organik, penyedia unsur hara, serta tempat berlangsungnya proses biogeokimia yang memengaruhi kualitas lingkungan budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas tanah tambak budidaya udang windu di Pulau Tanjung Karis, Kabupaten Bulungan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari–Maret 2026 menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif pada tiga stasiun, yaitu Stasiun 1 dan Stasiun 2 sebagai petak tambak, serta Stasiun 3 sebagai area kontrol di luar tambak. Sampel tanah diambil secara komposit, kemudian dianalisis terhadap parameter pH tanah, potensial redoks, tekstur tanah, bahan organik, C-organik, kapasitas tukar kation, fosfat, dan nitrat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif melalui nilai kisaran, rata-rata, standar deviasi, serta dibandingkan dengan baku mutu dan literatur yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tanah tergolong sangat masam, dengan pH H₂O berkisar 3,76–4,26 dan pH KCl berkisar 3,51–4,11. Nilai potensial redoks berada pada kondisi oksidatif, yaitu 210,98–263,77 mV. Tekstur tanah didominasi oleh fraksi debu dan liat, sedangkan bahan organik berkisar 2,93–6,29%, C-organik 1,70–3,65%, KTK 13,94–19,63 me/100 g, fosfat 13,39–21,06 mg/kg, dan nitrat 33,17–70,15 mg/kg. Secara umum, kualitas tanah tambak di Pulau Tanjung Karis masih memiliki beberapa faktor pembatas, terutama pH tanah yang sangat masam, C-organik yang rendah, serta akumulasi fosfat dan nitrat yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengelolaan tanah tambak secara berkelanjutan untuk mendukung budidaya udang windu yang optimal. Kata kunci: kualitas tanah, tambak tradisional, udang windu, Penaeus monodon, Pulau Tanjung Karis Abstract Soil quality is one the key factors determining the succes of giant tiger shrimp (Penaueus monodon) farming, particuraly in traditional pons system that remain heavily depedent on natural soil and water conditions. The pond bottom soil serves as a medium for storing organic matter, a source of nutrients, and a site for biogeochemical processes that influence the quaity of the farming environment. This study aims to analyze the soil quaity of giant tiger shrimp farming ponds on Tanjung Karis Island, Bulungan Regency. The Study was conducted from January to March 2026 using a quantitative descripitve method at three stations: Station 1 and Station 2 as aquaculuture plots, and Station 3 as a control area outside the farming ponds. Soil samples were collected as composite samples and then analyzed for soil pH, redox potensial, soil texture, organic matter, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, phospate and nitrate. The data were analyzed descriptively using range, mean and standard deviation, and compared with quality standards and relevant literarture. The results of the study show that the soil pH is classified as highly acidic, with H₂O pH ranging from 3.76 to 4.26 and KCI ph ranging from 3.51 to 4.11. The redox potential values indicate oxidative conditions, ranging from 210.98 to 263.77 mV. The soil texture is dominated by silt and clay fractions, while organic matter ranges from 2.93-6.29%, organic carbon 1.70-3.65%, cation exchange capacity (CEC) 13.94-19.63 me/100 g, phosphate 13.39-21.06 mg/kg, and nitrate 33.17-70.15 mg/kg. In general, the quaity of pond soil on Tanjug Karis Island is still limited by several factors, particularly and nitrate. Therefore, sustainable management of farming ponds is necessary to support optimal giant tiger shrimp farming. Keywords: Soil Quality, Traditional Shrimp Ponds, Giant Tiger Shrimp, Penaeus monodon, Tanjung Karis Island