BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•
Hiu sungai (Glyphis fowlerae ) merupakan spesies langka yang hidup di sungai, estuari, dan muara dengan tingkat kekeruhan tinggi. Sebagai predator puncak, spesies ini berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem perairan, namun populasinya terancam degradasi habitat, penangkapan sampingan, dan minimnya data biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakter morfometrik, meristik, dan pola pertumbuhan hiu sungai di Perairan Sesayap, Kabupaten Tana Tidung, Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian dilakukan Oktober 2025–April 2026 menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan 40 sampel hasil tangkapan nelayan. Analisis meliputi pengukuran 23 krakter morfometrik, pengamatan visual meristik, evaluasi hubungan panjang-berat melalui persamaan, serta perhitungan faktor kondisi (Condition Factor). Hasil menunjukkan tubuh hiu sungai berbentuk fusiform dengan rasio panjang cagak terhadap panjang total sekitar 84%, mendukung kemampuan berenang secara efisien. Karakter meristik terdiri dari dua sirip punggung, dua sirip dada, dua sirip perut, satu sirip anal, satu sirip ekor, lima celah insang, serta jumlah gigi rahang atas 24–25 dan rahang bawah 27–36. Nilai eksponen pertumbuhan (b) 3,0814 pada jantan dan 3,0897 pada betina menunjukkan pertumbuhan cenderung allometrik positif, namun secara statistik mendekati isometrik. Dengan indeks rata-rata 0,666 pada jantan dan 0,645 pada betina menandakan kondisi populasi bentuk pipih. Temuan ini menyediakan informasi dasar penting untuk mendukung pengelolaan dan konservasi hiu sungai secara berkelanjutan di Perairan Sesayap.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2026•
Hiu sungai (Glyphis fowlerae ) merupakan spesies langka yang hidup di sungai, estuari, dan muara dengan tingkat kekeruhan tinggi. Sebagai predator puncak, spesies ini berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem perairan, namun populasinya terancam degradasi habitat, penangkapan sampingan, dan minimnya data biologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karakter morfometrik, meristik, dan pola pertumbuhan hiu sungai di Perairan Sesayap, Kabupaten Tana Tidung, Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian dilakukan Oktober 2025–April 2026 menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan 40 sampel hasil tangkapan nelayan. Analisis meliputi pengukuran 23 krakter morfometrik, pengamatan visual meristik, evaluasi hubungan panjang-berat melalui persamaan, serta perhitungan faktor kondisi (Condition Factor). Hasil menunjukkan tubuh hiu sungai berbentuk fusiform dengan rasio panjang cagak terhadap panjang total sekitar 84%, mendukung kemampuan berenang secara efisien. Karakter meristik terdiri dari dua sirip punggung, dua sirip dada, dua sirip perut, satu sirip anal, satu sirip ekor, lima celah insang, serta jumlah gigi rahang atas 24–25 dan rahang bawah 27–36. Nilai eksponen pertumbuhan (b) 3,0814 pada jantan dan 3,0897 pada betina menunjukkan pertumbuhan cenderung allometrik positif, namun secara statistik mendekati isometrik. Dengan indeks rata-rata 0,666 pada jantan dan 0,645 pada betina menandakan kondisi populasi bentuk pipih. Temuan ini menyediakan informasi dasar penting untuk mendukung pengelolaan dan konservasi hiu sungai secara berkelanjutan di Perairan Sesayap.
BookOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•
This study examines police actions during arrest procedures that culminate in extrajudicial killings in Indonesia. Extrajudicial killing is defined as the unlawful deprivation of life by state agents outside judicial processes, often linked to crime control efforts, and classified as a crime against humanity that constitutes a serious violation of human rights (HR), including a breach of the presumption of innocence. Although Indonesian legal instruments such as the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, and Law No. 26 of 2000 have established limits on the use of force by the police and guarantee the protection of human rights, practices on the ground still indicate deviations and excessive use of force resulting in extrajudicial killings. This research aims to analyse the regulatory framework governing police procedures as stipulated in Indonesian legislation, and to examine the establishment of criminal liability for police officers who commit extrajudicial killings. Employing a normative legal method, this study focuses on written legal norms, official documents, statutory provisions, jurisprudence, and scholarly literature. A key case providing a concrete foundation is the Decision of the South Jakarta District Court No. 868/PID.B/2021/PN Jkt. Sel, concerning the shooting of six FPI members. The findings reveal that although procedural arrangements are comprehensively regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and police regulations, their implementation remains suboptimal. Several arrests were carried out without sufficient preliminary evidence or without valid warrants. Such procedural violations undermine human rights and contradict fundamental principles of the rule of law. The accountability of police officers involved in extrajudicial killings is governed by the Indonesian Criminal Code (Articles 338 and 340) and other relevant regulations. However, their enforcement has not been effective, largely due to a lack of transparency and weak internal oversight. This research concludes that strengthening internal control mechanisms and enhancing accountability within legal processes are crucial to preventing extrajudicial killings and maintaining public trust in law enforcement institutions.
ThesisOpen AccessMetadata saja
2025•
This study examines police actions during arrest procedures that culminate in extrajudicial killings in Indonesia. Extrajudicial killing is defined as the unlawful deprivation of life by state agents outside judicial processes, often linked to crime control efforts, and classified as a crime against humanity that constitutes a serious violation of human rights (HR), including a breach of the presumption of innocence. Although Indonesian legal instruments such as the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, and Law No. 26 of 2000 have established limits on the use of force by the police and guarantee the protection of human rights, practices on the ground still indicate deviations and excessive use of force resulting in extrajudicial killings. This research aims to analyse the regulatory framework governing police procedures as stipulated in Indonesian legislation, and to examine the establishment of criminal liability for police officers who commit extrajudicial killings. Employing a normative legal method, this study focuses on written legal norms, official documents, statutory provisions, jurisprudence, and scholarly literature. A key case providing a concrete foundation is the Decision of the South Jakarta District Court No. 868/PID.B/2021/PN Jkt. Sel, concerning the shooting of six FPI members. The findings reveal that although procedural arrangements are comprehensively regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and police regulations, their implementation remains suboptimal. Several arrests were carried out without sufficient preliminary evidence or without valid warrants. Such procedural violations undermine human rights and contradict fundamental principles of the rule of law. The accountability of police officers involved in extrajudicial killings is governed by the Indonesian Criminal Code (Articles 338 and 340) and other relevant regulations. However, their enforcement has not been effective, largely due to a lack of transparency and weak internal oversight. This research concludes that strengthening internal control mechanisms and enhancing accountability within legal processes are crucial to preventing extrajudicial killings and maintaining public trust in law enforcement institutions.
