Abstrak
This study examines police actions during arrest procedures that culminate in extrajudicial killings in Indonesia. Extrajudicial killing is defined as the unlawful deprivation of life by state agents outside judicial processes, often linked to crime control efforts, and classified as a crime against humanity that constitutes a serious violation of human rights (HR), including a breach of the presumption of innocence. Although Indonesian legal instruments such as the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 39 of 1999 on Human Rights, and Law No. 26 of 2000 have established limits on the use of force by the police and guarantee the protection of human rights, practices on the ground still indicate deviations and excessive use of force resulting in extrajudicial killings. This research aims to analyse the regulatory framework governing police procedures as stipulated in Indonesian legislation, and to examine the establishment of criminal liability for police officers who commit extrajudicial killings. Employing a normative legal method, this study focuses on written legal norms, official documents, statutory provisions, jurisprudence, and scholarly literature. A key case providing a concrete foundation is the Decision of the South Jakarta District Court No. 868/PID.B/2021/PN Jkt. Sel, concerning the shooting of six FPI members. The findings reveal that although procedural arrangements are comprehensively regulated in the Indonesian Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) and police regulations, their implementation remains suboptimal. Several arrests were carried out without sufficient preliminary evidence or without valid warrants. Such procedural violations undermine human rights and contradict fundamental principles of the rule of law. The accountability of police officers involved in extrajudicial killings is governed by the Indonesian Criminal Code (Articles 338 and 340) and other relevant regulations. However, their enforcement has not been effective, largely due to a lack of transparency and weak internal oversight. This research concludes that strengthening internal control mechanisms and enhancing accountability within legal processes are crucial to preventing extrajudicial killings and maintaining public trust in law enforcement institutions.