ANALISIS PERIKANAN IKAN ARUT (Pomadasys sp.) BERDASARKAN KONSEP EAFM KHUSUSNYA PADA DOMAIN SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI DI PERAIRAN PULAU TARAKAN
Abstrak Kota Tarakan memiliki potensi perikanan tangkap tinggi karena Kota Tarakan dikelilingi laut, sehingga sebagian besar masyarakat pesisir menggantungkan hidup pada hasil laut. Salah satu komoditas penting adalah ikan arut (Pomadasys sp.), ikan arut bernilai ekonomis tinggi banyak ditangkap dengan alat tangkap rawai dasar. Aktivitas penangkapan ikan arut tidak hanya berdampak pada aspek ekologi, tetapi juga erat kaitannya dengan kondisi sosial dan ekonomi nelayan, sehingga perlu dikaji lebih lanjut untuk mendukung keberlanjutan pengelolaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perikanan ikan arut (Pomadasys sp.) berdasarkan domain sosial dan domain ekonomi dengan pendekatan Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) di perairan Pulau Tarakan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Desember 2024 hingga Februari 2025. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner kepada nelayan, sedangkan data sekunder dari instansi terkait. Analisis dilakukan pada indikator domain sosial mengacu pada modul EAFM, bobot dan scoring menggambarkan tingkat dalam pengelolaan perikanan meliputi partisipasi pemangku kepentingan, konflik perikanan, serta pemanfaatan pengetahuan lokal; sedangkan domain ekonomi mencakup kepemilikan aset, pendapatan rumah tangga perikanan, dan rasio tabungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pada domain sosial, partisipasi pemangku kepentingan masih tergolong sedang karena keterlibatan institusi seperti DKP hanya terbatas penerbitan izin. Konflik perikanan relatif rendah dan dapat diselesaikan melalui musyawarah, sedangkan pemanfaatan pengetahuan lokal sangat baik, khususnya dalam menentukan lokasi dan waktu penangkapan. Pada domain ekonomi, nelayan pemilik telah memiliki aset produktif berupa kapal dan alat tangkap, dengan pendapatan rata-rata di atas Upah Minimum Kota (UMK) sebesar Rp18.250.000. Selain itu, rasio tabungan nelayan cukup tinggi, kemampuan menyimpan kelebihan pendapatan. Secara keseluruhan, pemanfaatan ikan arut di Pulau Tarakan masih legal, ramah lingkungan, serta memberikan manfaat ekonomi yang signifikan. Namun, diperlukan peningkatan peran kelembagaan, khususnya DKP, serta penelitian lanjutan pada domain sumberdaya ikan, habitat, teknik penangkapan, dan kelembagaan guna mendukung keberlanjutan perikanan arut di masa depan. Abstract Tarakan City has a strong potential for capturing fisheries because it is surrounded by water. The vast bulk of its coastal population relies on marine resources for food and economic survival. A prominent commodity is the grunt fish (Pomadasys sp.), which has a high economic value and is typically harvested with bottom longlines. Grunt fish fishing has an impact not only on the environment, but also on fishermen's social and economic conditions. As a result, there is a need for additional research to support the long-term management of these activities. The purpose of the research was to analyze the gunt fish (Pomadasys sp.) based on social and economic domains using the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) in the waters of Tarakan Island. The research was conducted from December 2024 to February 2025. Primary data was obtained through observations, interviews, and questionnaires with fishermen. Secondary data was obtained from relevant officials. The analysis was conducted on social domain indicators with reference to the EAFM module, with weights and scores describing the level of fisheries management, including stakeholder participation, fisheries conflicts, and the use of local knowledge. The economic domain covered asset ownership, fisheries household income, and savings ratios. The results of the research showed that stakeholder participation in the social domain remains moderate due to the limited involvement of institutions such as the DKP, which is confined to permit issuing. Fisheries conflicts are generally rare and can be handled through deliberation. Local knowledge is especially useful for identifying the best place and timing for fishing activities. Within the economic sphere, fishermen already own productive assets such as boats and fishing gear, and their average income exceeds the City Minimum Wage of IDR 18,250,000. Furthermore, fishermen's high savings percentage indicates the ability to create financial reserves. Overall, the use of grunt fish in Tarakan is legal and environmentally acceptable. Furthermore, it has been shown to provide large economic benefits. However, there is a need to strengthen the function of institutions, particularly the DKP, and perform additional research on fish resources, habitats, fishing tactics, and institutions to ensure the future viability of grunt fish populations.