Analisis Multi-Stakeholder Dalam Penerapan Kebijakan Penataan Ruang Laut Terhadap Lokasi Budidaya Rumput Laut di Perairan Pulau Nunukan Kalimantan Utara
Abstract The massive expansion of Eucheuma cottonii seaweed cultivation in the waters of Nunukan Island has triggered complex spatial-use conflicts and environmental degradation, reflecting the phenomenon of the Tragedy of the Commons. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics of marine spatial governance, map power relations among stakeholders, and formulate adaptive management strategies for sustainable seaweed cultivation. A mixed-methods approach with a Sequential Explanatory design was employed, integrating spatial analysis, perception surveys of 38 key respondents, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Stakeholder mapping was conducted using the Power-Interest Grid matrix, while strategy formulation was determined through Quantitative SWOT analysis (IFAS/EFAS). The results revealed the occurrence of regulatory obsolescence, in which spatial planning instruments (RZWP3K 2018) failed to anticipate a 65% surge in cultivation area expansion (reaching 29,578 hectares), resulting in physical intrusion of approximately 6,000 hectares into the Nunukan Port Entry Shipping Lane, thereby endangering navigational safety. The stakeholder analysis showed the dominance of informal actors ("Big Bosses") as key players who possessed de facto power through patron-client networks, weakening the effectiveness of formal law enforcement. The SWOT analysis placed the current strategic management in Quadrant IV (Defensive) at coordinates (-1.05; -0.61), indicating critical internal weaknesses amidst high external threats. Accordingly, the study recommends a Survival Strategy comprising immediate sterilization of red zones within shipping lanes, the enforcement of a moratorium on new cultivation areas to restore environmental carrying capacity affected by ice-ice disease, and the formalization of the role of "Bosses” into a co-management scheme to enhance zoning compliance and governance effectiveness.